Friday, October 12, 2007
mail arriving out of order?
If your users complain about mail arriving out of order you can tell them the story below. But if they're complaining that this happens a lot, it's probably a symptom of your MTA being overloaded.
The mail protocol makes no guarantee that your messages will arrive in order.
If the mail server for foo.com tries to relay message-0 sent at 2:00 to mta0.domain.tld and mta0 doesn't have the resources it can and will refuse the SMTP connection. It's also possible that foo.com will then put message-0 back in its queue to not be resent for as long as root@foo.com sees fit to configure it. Let's assume this value is 1 hour. foo.com could then try to send message-1 (this not not message-0 which is still in the queue) at 2:05. When it tries to get it's SMTP connection this time mta0 has resources at that moment and accepts the message for delivery. Then at 3:00 foo.com tries to make another connection for message-0 to mta0 which again has resources and accepts the message. So, in the end message-0 sent at 2:00 arrives at 3:00 and message-1 sent at 2:05 arrives at 2:05. All of this is perfectly legal.
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